Estrangement in Joseph Conrads Amy Foster and in Rebecca...

Estrangement in Joseph Conrads Amy Foster and in Rebecca Wests The Return of the Soldier The concept of male estrangement in an alien environment is portrayed in both Joseph Conrad’s short story, Amy Foster, as well as in Rebecca West’s book, The Return of the Soldier. First, there are adverse reactions to the male protagonists’ placement in their environments. The reactions vary between the protagonists and the people they come into contact with. Second, there are similarities and differences between the way the two authors chose to explore the situations presented. Third, both protagonists handle their estrangement differently. It is hard to behave appropriately when you are among peculiar customs. It seems ironic that†¦show more content†¦This causes him to develop â€Å"A complete case of amnesia†¦His unconscious self is refusing to let him resume his relations with his normal life, and so we get this loss of memory† (West 79). In a sense, Chris becomes trapped in his past. Fifteen years earlier to be precise. Because of his amnesia, Chris responds to the reality of his â€Å"current life† with a sort of disbelief. For example, when his wife Kitty is mentioned, he replies: â€Å"I haven’t got a wife! Has some woman been turning up with a cock-and-bull story of being my wife? Because it’s the damnedest lie!† (West 20). Of course his wife has her own take on the entire matter, and one that is hardly full of sympathy and support. For example, West writes on page 31: â€Å"†¦her pink mouth went on manufacturing malice. â€Å"This is all a blind,† she said at the end of an unpardonable sentence. â€Å"He’ s pretending†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Kitty refuses to accept the current situation, and views it with a sort of vindictiveness. In both situations, the protagonist is alienated, and in both situations, others treat the protagonist harshly. The people involved in the harsh behavior are not consistent in both stories. In Amy Foster, the people conducting themselves in a harsh manner are the average citizens with which Yanko Goorall has contact. For example, there is the milkman, who whipped at Yanko; Mrs. Finn, who berated Yanko with an umbrella; and Mrs. Smith who failed to ever trust Yanko. There areShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesinternational terrorism, which were powerfully symptomatic of the unprecedented reach and intensity of the processes of globalization on either side of the otherwise unremarkable last and first years of the old and new millennia, represented both a return to trends reminiscent of the opening decades of the twentieth century and a major break from the prevailing dynamics of the cold war. In addition to the problems posed for conceptualizing the twentieth century as a discrete era of world history due

Resource Dependence Theory Perspective †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Resource Dependence Theory Perspective. Answer: Introduction: Strategic choices are related to organizational success. This is shown in instances where organizations that make choices strategically end up being more efficient that those that do not make strategic decisions. There are also different deterministic theories that aid in explaining how organizations work. Some of these theories include; Resource Dependency Theory and the Institutional Theory. Population ecology also assists in explaining the different organization actions and outcomes (Sderberg, 2013). Philosophically, determinism states that all events are determined by causes that were previously in existence. These take different factors into account such as moral choices. It is said to preclude human free will. This is because it entails that humans cannot act in a manner that is different from the way in which they normally do(Silvestre, 2016). Conversely, indeterminism holds the view that some of the events in the universe do not have a cause that is deterministic but they simply occur at random. In turn, this brings in a moral responsibility and leads to the creation of an external cause that is deterrent, and that can then affect the actions that will take place after that. Therefore, determinism says that all actions are as a result of preceding factors and this makes behavior unpredictable. Science is based on this causal law of determinism. On the contrary, free will is the human ability to choose the manner in which they will behave which means that they are self-determined (Fekadu, 2014). Incidentally, people choose whether they will commit a certain crime or not. The Resource Dependence Theory arose from the work of Gerald Salancik and Jeffrey Pfeffer in the year 1978. This theory is made up of different arguments. First, it says that organizations have power over a focal firm. As a result, the organizations can influence the way in which different firms behave, if they have control of the vital resources in the firms ongoing operations and if these resources cannot be acquired elsewhere (Narain, 2014). Second, the external environment of an organization is made up of other organizations which have their specific interests and objectives(Drees Heugens, 2013). Resource dependence also helps organizations to come up with strategies that can be used in dealing with dependence relationships that are problematic. The resource dependence theory, therefore, relies on the principle that organizations need to interact with other organizations that are in its environment with the aim of acquiring resources (Biermann Harsch, 2016). These transactions are beneficial to the different organizations but they may also bring about dependencies that are not good. The resources that are required by organizations are scarce and may not be readily available. These resources may also be controlled by actors who are uncooperative. This in turn may bring unequal exchanges and result in power differences. To reduce these high dependency levels that may be in existence, it is paramount for organizations to develop strategies that will enhance their position when it comes to bargaining in transactions where these resources are involved. These strategies may include; development of links with other organizations, diversifying their production, increasing their production levels, and making use of political actions(Singha, Sum Chuong, 2011). Diversification is an important strategy because it will result in a reduction of the dependence levels that an organization has with other firms, and it will also increase its leverage and power. Making use of political actions is also a good strategy because it will bring in government control which will reduce the monopoly power of these organizations that have power and get rid of any cartels that may be in existence. There are also different adaptations that different organizations take in relation to dependencies. Some organizations align their internal elements with the pressures that they face from their environments while other organizations attempt to alter their environments. In reference to organizational actions, Research Dependence Theory, therefore, explains how organizational behavior works. Three concepts that can be explained in an organization with the use of the Research Dependence Theory are; organizational constraints, effectiveness, and the organizational environment (Malatesta Smith, 2014). Organizational effectiveness is the efficiency with which an organization creates actions and outcomes that are acceptable. Moreover, the level of an organizations effectiveness can be measured by how well an organization can meet its stakeholder demands. The factor that holds the most significance in depicting how effective an organization is is its level of external judgment in its organizational activities(Sahlin-Andersson, Greenwood, Oliver Suddaby, 2012). The use of an external perspective is important in describing how effective an organization is as opposed to the use of an internal perspective which conversely shows efficiency levels. Organizational environment is another concept in the contextual perspective. The environment consists of all events that affect the actions that take place in an organization as well as the outcomes. However, different events influence organization actions in different ways. Some organizations are isolated from certain events in the environment which in turn reduces the impact of the events on the organizations. On the other hand, other organizations are not aware of the changes that are occurring in the environment. The third concept used in the contextual perspective is that of constraints. This concept shows the probability of an action being taken in response to a situation. If there is a higher probability of one response being used, this means that this action is constrained. Therefore, a constraint exists when a response to a given action is not random but is a choice that is properly argued. This concept assumes that the different effects on the behavior depicted in organizations face the constraint of situational contingencies (Malatesta Smith, 2014). This concept of constraint requires for the organization to make use of strategic choices to determine the optimal course of action that should be taken. These three concepts that are of the contextual perspective are the major components of the Resource Dependency Theory. This theory also uses two very important variables which are uncertainty and dependency. The institutional environment in which an organization is situated can affect the manner in which formal structures develop in the organization to a higher degree than even market pressures. Structures that are innovative and increase the technical efficiency of the organizations that adopt them earlier on are legitimized (Sahlin-Andersson, Greenwood, Oliver Suddaby, 2012). At the point of the legitimization level, if there is a failure to adopt the innovations, it is considered to be negligent and irrational. The existing and new organizations will adopt these structural forms regardless of the fact that they may not increase efficiency. Different institutional myths are accepted without good reason, for the organization to have legitimacy in the environment related to the institution. Organizations use the structures that are being used by others in their environment. These include; organizational roles, procedures, and job titles. The prominent display and use of these different institutional trappings of legitimacy aid in the preservation of an atmosphere whereby actions taken by organizations are based solely on good faith. This legitimacy that is in existence in the institutional environments aids in the survival of the organizations. These structures can, however, lead to reduced efficiency in the organization and lower the level of competitiveness that an organization has in its technical environment. Some organizations therefore put different measures in place in a bid to lower the negative effects. Incidentally, many organizations will separate their technical activities from their legitimizing structures. The net effect brought about by institutional pressures is to raise the homogeneity levels of the structures in an organization in an institutional environment. There are three different types of pressures that make firms to adopt similar structures. These include the normative pressures, coercive pressures, and the mimetic pressures. Normative pressures occur when this similarity arises from the presence of professional groups who possess the same approaches and attitudes. This comes about due to the hiring process where the workforce hired have similar characteristics. Conversely, mimetic pressures come from the existence of uncertainty in the organization. Finally, coercive pressures are as a result of influence or legal mandates that come from other organizations that they depend on (Malatesta Smith, 2014). There was a research that was conducted in California to examine how three administrative services that are in public schools in California have grown from the Institutional Theory standpoint. It was concluded that whenever there exists high cooperation and consensus levels within the institutional environment, the process of adoption of structures that are innovative is long-lasting and steady (Rodriguez Sanders, 2015). However, in circumstances where the institutional environment was found to be unfocused and contentious, the diffusion of innovative structures was seen to be tentative and low. This research also showed that during the periods of high coercive pressures, organizations tend to adopt new structures quickly. When the coercive pressures are low, they adopt the new structures in a much lower rate. The increased levels of adoption, however, bring about legitimacy in the institutional environment which in turn accelerates the rate at which the new structures are adopted (Malatesta Smith, 2014). It is therefore evident that the early organizations usually adopt new structures with an aim to improve their efficiency levels while later organizations adopt the structural forms in a bid to maintain legitimacy. Population ecology is a branch of ecology that explain the dynamics and structure of different populations. It explains how populations interact with their environment and how they change over time. Population ecology is an important concept in conservation biology because it aids in the prediction of whether a given species will persist in a given habitat. The simple population models make use of four very important variables. These are; birth, death, emigration, and immigration. In the 18th century, Darwin spoke about the struggle for existence. This was seen to come about due to the exponential population growth and the arithmetic growth in food supply. Over time, population outgrows the existing resources which in turn leads to the survival of the fittest species (Oord Witteloostuijn, 2017). This is the phenomenon whereby the fastest and strongest species survive while those that are unable to compete become extinct. Organizations can be classified as generalist or specialist organizations. Specialist organizations exploit their environment to the maximum and take on the risk of undergoing changes in their environment. On the contrary, generalist organizations do not largely exploit their environment and thus have a greater level of security. Organizations are also normally classified into various species that live together in an environment and continually change over space and time. These different changes which usually occur in the environmental level lead to the best fitting organizations being selected over time(Rodriguez Sanders, 2015). Therefore, the organizations that survive are those that best fit the environment in which they are in. There are other routes that organizations may take in order to survive. These include the use of sustainable systems and adaptations. Organizations ecology also deals with how much an organization is diversified. There is a need to view the ways in which the existing social conditions affect the rate at which new organizations and organizational forms are created, the rates at which organizations end, and the rate at which changes occur in organizations. With a basis on population ecology, the focus of these activities is on evolutionary dynamics of the different processes that affect the diversity of organizations (Oord Witteloostuijn, 2017). Learning institutions are challenging the way traditional methods of learning looked like. Today, due to the presence of technology, many institutions of learning have adopted technology in the learning process. The focus on learning is now focused on students with an emphasis on experiential and engaged learning. There are also more teachers who have taken up self-regulated, problem based, and authentic learning methods into their curriculums. As the ecology of the learning population continues to evolve, there are new players who come in. For instance, in the recent past, distant learning is a tool that has been widely used by many learners. It is important for organizations to take into consideration the value added by these new actions. It is vital for learning institutions to ensure that the learning process is sustainable and that the needs of all the learners are met (Malatesta Smith, 2014). In businesses today, technology has been widely used by different firms in a bid to ensure that they survive and remain competitive. Incidentally, many firms have made use of technology in their supply chains. Many firms make use of RFIDs and GPS trackers to ensure that they can track the movements of their consignments and to be able to provide their customers will good customer services. Technology is also being used in the production and manufacturing processes of organizations. Therefore, it is paramount that organizations continually adapt to their environment to remain competitive and avoid being replaced by other better-adapted organizations. Organizations that have an effective process of making strategic choices can make strategic decisions that ensure sustainable growth. Proper strategic planning enables organizations to identify the issues that are most important and then address them. Therefore, organizations need to adapt continually to remain competitive. They also need to take measures that ensure that they are not fully dependent on other organizations by using different suppliers as well as diversifying their production. By so doing, they will be able to survive turbulent periods and remain ahead of their competition. References Biermann, R., Harsch, M. (2016). Resource Dependence Theory.Springer Link. Drees, J., Heugens, P. (2013). Synthesizing and Extending Resource Dependence Theory A Meta-Analysis.Journal Of Management; Sage Journals. Fekadu, K. (2014). The paradox in environmental determinism and possibilism: A literature review.Journal Of Geography And Regional Planning,7(7). Malatesta, D., Smith, C. (2014). Lessons from Resource Dependence Theory for Contemporary Public and Nonprofit Management.Wiley Online Library. Narain, V. (2014). Determinism, Free Will, and Moral Responsibility.The Humanist.Com. Silvestre, R. (2016). Karma Theory, Determinism, Fatalism and Freedom of Will.Springer Link,11(1). Oord, A., Witteloostuijn, A. (2017). The Population Ecology of Technology: An Empirical Study of US Biotechnology Patents from 1976 to 2003. Rodriguez, A., Sanders, I. (2015). The role of community and population ecology in applying mycorrhizal fungi for improved food security.The ISME Journal. Sahlin-Andersson, K., Greenwood, R., Oliver, C., Suddaby, R. (2012). Institutional theory in organization Studies. Singha, P., Sum, D., Chuong, C. (2011). A resource dependence theory perspective of ISO 9000 in managing organizational environment.Journal Of Operations Management,29(1,2). Sderberg, J. (2013). Determining social change: The role of technological determinism in the collective action framing of hackers.New Media Society; Sage Journals.

Work Life Balance free essay sample

Managing work life balance Introduction This essay is going to examine managing work life balance and how organizations are going to manage it in contemporary human resource management with relevant organizational examples. Moreover, we will look at the current issues and the problems of work life balance. Work life balance (WLB) is a term which refers to the concept that employees split their time between work and the other aspects of personal lives. It used to maintain a balance between work and leisure activity such as family life. It measured the amount of time on the work compare with the time on spending with family or other leisure activities. It is difficult to measure the efficiency and the balance between work and life. Based on the assumptions of diversity management which aim to provide a positive workplace environment and accept the individual differences from different background, gender, race etc in order to maintain equality in the workplace. Therefore, it is important that organizations introduce flexible working arrangement in terms of providing positive working environment to employees (Caleb Rosado, PH. D, 2006). Theoretical Review Due to the recent change of WLB, people shifted the focus on the balance on work and family roles as well as the outside work. Work life balance is important to employees because it represents peoples psychological well being and satisfaction between work and life (J. Rantanen U. Kinnunen, 2011). WLB can be traced back to previous studies of women having multiple roles throughout their lives as women are representing as mothers, wives and paid worker where they might experience overload work and cause them stressful which suggest it needs appropriate working arrangements in order to increase their job satisfaction (Barnett and Marshall,1993). The integrated concept of WLB is aiming to manage employees effectively while they are suffering from multiple roles conflict in lives and work and attempt to minimized job dissatisfaction and stress levels. However, as most of the organizations are seeking to provide a positive workplace to the employees, they provide several policies for the employees in order to increase the flexibility such as telecommuting opportunities for workers who want to spent more time at home to look after young children or offer flexible work schedules, also, some organizations provide an on-site fitness programs, therefore, it increases employees motivation because they are working in a positive workplace environment (  Heidi Cardenas) . In general, it suggested that UK has a flexible workforce labor with family life to maintain the balance between work and life. This lead to a higher employment and growth in the contemporary diversity management (Nick Bloom, Tobias Kretschmer, 2009). Current issue According to the current work life balance issues in diversity management, it suggested it become an very popular issue to debate over the world and more people and management are paying attention to it, where it increases the conscious of people aware of this problem. Managing WLB has been increased in the last 2 decades (De Bruin Dupuis, 2004), which is a recent change from previous management style. In addition, a lot of private enterprises also aware the problem of work life balance as their human resource management. This has become an major issue in todays management since nowadays employers tend to use fewer employees to cope with difficulties and problems as they want to reduce the costs, therefore the jobs are more complicated and it increased their workforce so it becomes more difficult for employees to maintain a balance within work and life, such as home management, child care etc (Douglas T. Hall) as well as the levels of pressure and working time. Secondly, the demographic changes rapidly so it affects the labor such as gender, age, religion, workplaces etc (Dr Mark Wickham, Miss Melissa Parker Simon Fishwick). Due to the increasing number of working mothers, it usually applied to women that they need to maintain a balance between working hours and career break arrangements such as maternity leave. It stated that there is an enormous increase of working mothers in contemporary world, which suggested that 66. % of mothers are working compare with only 23% of mothers are working full time in 1996 (Guardian), so organizations are required to offer suitable flexible working arrangements for mothers. Therefore, it increases the awareness that organizations has to introduce flexible working arrangement to due with this issue in terms of being ethical and equality. In some circumstances, it suggested that rather than following by a tradition that women should look after child ren, it offers paternity leave for fathers as well in order to encourage fathers to active their role in the family (Gill Kirton Anne-marie Greene, 2005). According to the diversity management, it might be seen as inequality of men and women employees as women tend to have longer career break arrangement due to the maternity leave, employers might recruit new employees to replace them and this might damage for women future career prospects (Gill Kirton Anne-marie Greene, 2005). But on the other hand, according to the current issues, it argued that the gender equality of work life balance has changed in the 20 century. It suggested that there are significant increase of men are contributing to childcare rather than following by the tradition that women should stay at home and look after the children (Maron, 2009). By looking at the current issue, it can be seen that it is difficult to manage work and family life as employees (men and women) need to take a parental role of looking after children as well. Therefore, the government set some regulations to protect them. For instance, they promoted the Family and Medical Leave Act in 1993. The Family and Medical Leave Act 1993 has created an huge impact towards the organizations. The organization has to provide at least 12 weeks leave in a year for their birth, individuals or family illness. This act enable employees to look after the sick children or elderly etc (Judith  M. Nixon). Case Study There are few case studies with real organizational examples which suggested the management of work life balance in the contemporary organizations. Also, t covers different aspects of the practice in work life balance and stated the current diversify management style in different countries. One of the case study is Motorola which is a company founded in 1928 U. S. It delivers network communications and internet to individuals, companies and homes. Motorola operates in a global environment where their competitive advantage is to operate 24 hours a day and seven days a week. Due to this competitive advantage, Motorola has to offer flexible working time to employees. It becomes a very important issue to Motorola for employees having an equal time split and balancing between work and life time as diversity management aims to support employees with equal opportunity and forecasting a happy working environment. It suggested that there is change in Motorola from the past where full time workers work seven 12-hour shift in two week period and 2 full time workers share the job together and split their working hours equally. One of the employee called Mary McDonald who is a single parent with two children applied the job and she claimed that job sharing and working hours are very flexible, therefore this works very well with her family life while she is looking after two children. Motorola provides her a flexible working arrangements and work-life balance, therefore it increases her motivation and satisfaction at work by providing positive workplace environment according to the aim of diversity management (Gill Maxwell, 2008). In addition, Motorola stated that most of the job sharing workers are women where most of them are unable to work as a full time workers according to their family life and commitments. However, Motorola offers an alternative opportunities for women who wants to maintain a balance between work and family life. This arrangement has created an advantage for women especially when women return work after their maternity leave which is easier for them to catch up their work and they have enough time to look after children which reduce the levels of stress at their work. Motorolas flexible working arrangements has introduced new work life balance initiatives in contemporary organizations. Another case study is about IKEA which is a well-know home furnishing retailer which sells home furniture with a low prices. It is a global company with more than 150 stores distributed all over the world. The human resources policies relies at the heart of the IKEAs strategy as they believe the success of an organizations depends on the commitment of the employees, therefore IKEA emphasis heavily on the equality and working arrangements to the employees (Gill Maxwell, 2008). According to the IKEAs management style, it focuses heavily on the family life, leisure activities and healthy environment. This recognizes the importance of work life balance. For instance, IKEA offers a coffee breaks to workers for interaction in a positive environment. More importantly, IKEA provides flexible career break arrangements such as marriage leave, parental leave, childcare leave or moving house leave etc. This enable workers to deal with their own or family problems. Furthermore, IKEA introduced health promotion to employees which allow employees to have a healthy working time. IKEA offers foot care and massage for them during their working time. It provides physical health care to employees as the managers of IKEA thought workers are very tired of often working with their foot. This is a totally new work life balance initiatives in organizations where they offer flexible hours of work and arrangements but also physical health care. Therefore, employees are motivated and pleasant for working in the positive working environment. As I mentioned above, organizations offer fitness and health programs to workers while they are stressed at work. This has created a positive impact on workers and the organization and reinforced the importance of work life balance programs as more people aware with this issue. It is important to note that diversity managers are required to provide a range of work life balance programs to employees in order to foster a pleasant working environment (wisegeek). After discussing the real organizational examples, it shows that WLB creates a positive impact on organizations and performance as well as becoming more effective of managing employees flexibility (Nick Bloom, Tobias Kretschmer, 2009). This has enlightened and developed the practice of diversity management where it can be seen that organizations are continuing developing the issue of work life balance in terms of being ethical and equality. Organizations are getting more familiar with the practice of work life balance but there are still some problems should be highlighted in the current diversity management. Problems Many organizations perceived work life balance could be seen as a competitive advantage as providing flexible working arrangement can enhance individuals performance which affects the whole company because employees are motivated and feel being valued in the organization such as IKEA offer foot massage for employees and it can be seen as an competitive advantage. But, it could be argued that what is meant by good practices of work life balance in organizations as it is difficult to measure the effectiveness of the appropriate work life balance to employees. On the other hand, gender has been considered a major issue of work life balance, many people still believe on the assumptions of women are the identity as housewives and women careers would directly affect the commitments and performance at work. This is the major issue that organizations need to take into account in developing diversity management. Organizations could provide more working opportunities to women and prove that even though they stop working during their pregnancy it doesnt affect much to the organizations as nowadays women are working harder compare to the past. For instance, Motorola offers job sharing which benefits and support women even they are pregnant. In addition, providing flexible work arrangement or job sharing could easily lead to conflicts because people could easily mixed up their schedules and responsibilities with the others. This might create a conflict and inconvenience to organizations. Therefore, organizations should take into account that they should provide a clear working arrangement between workers. Recommendations After highlighted the problems of work life balance and based on the organizational examples I have suggested, I recommend that manager should be more diversified in order to deal with different problems because managing flexibility may cause a lot of conflicts or misunderstanding, therefore, managers should allocated a clear working schedules or responsibilities to employees so workers understand what they are doing and it will increase the working efficiency. Providing a good communication to employees may ensure the job sharing responsibilities and break schemes. In the case of Motorola, offering a split time worker between workers, the managers should set out a clear schedule for the workers in terms of splitting time and responsibilities equally to avoid any conflicts. Also, managers should provide support to employees while employees are having maternity or sick leave etc, such as providing a paid sick leave because employees tend to fear of being discriminated or dismissal when they report their illness, therefore, a diversity manager should provide a paid sick leave to support them and ensure they wont be discriminated (Xenia Scheil-Adlung Lydia Sander, 2010). In addition, managers should provide more support to woman during their maternity leave such as telecommuting to ensure they can catch up their work easily when they back to work in terms of equity. Conclusions In conclusion, after discussing the assumptions and current issues of work life balance as well as the problems highlighted, it suggested that it is difficult to measure the effectiveness of work life balance. It all depends on the nature of the job due to the job difficulties and the levels of stress from the work itself. Also, it relies on the employees itself of managing a balance between work and family life and their own experiences where organizations have no control over. From an organizational view, to manage work life balance effectively at the workplace, they can promote a message to employees the importance of work and life and prevent any conflicts between work and non-wok interaction if they want to build up a good employees relations with the organization (J. Rantanen U. Kinnunen, 2011). Organizations are still seeking to develop the diversity management, therefore, it is important to provide a positive workplace environment for employees as well as the equality. However, living in a diversified culture, every organizations should assist employees to maintain a good balance of work and family life but it requires the co-operation between managers and employees in order to provide a positive workplace environment by making use of the existing policies.

What do we learn of Shaws attitude toward class from the play Pygmalion Essay Example For Students

What do we learn of Shaws attitude toward class from the play Pygmalion Essay George Bernard Shaw was born in Dublin in 1856. He moved to London at the age of twenty one where he began to meet the earliest British socialists. In 1884, he became one of the founder members of the Fabian Society, which promoted equality between people whatever their background or class. Shaw was a prolific writer of novels and plays, with Pygmalion first being performed at His Majestys theatre in London in 1914. This play tells us a huge amount about Shaws attitude to the British class system in Edwardian times. The plot follows the attempts of Professor Henry Higgins to teach Eliza Doolittle, a street flower seller to pass for a Duchess in six months. Early twentieth century Britain was a much divided society, being split into upper, middle and working classes. These divisions were largely based on wealth, with huge variations between the wealthy upper class and the sometimes very poor working class. Henry Higgins and Eliza represent opposite ends of the social spectrum and Shaw uses them and his descriptions of them and their surroundings to show what he believed to be an unjust gap between everyday lives and living conditions between the classes. We will write a custom essay on What do we learn of Shaws attitude toward class from the play Pygmalion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Eliza is described as poorly dressed and dirty. Her hair needs washing rather badlyshe wears a shoddy black coat. Her boots are much the worse for wearcompared to the ladies she is very dirty. In contrast, the middle class characters with the time and money for leisure are leaving the theatre and looking for a cab to take them back to their comfortable homes. Higgins with his studies in phonetics is noting how different characters in the scene speak and is able to deduce their place of birth from how they speak. He is very rude to Eliza and unjustly calls her a squashed cabbage leaf and an incarnate insult to the English language. Eliza returns home to a small room with very minimal furnishings, described as the irreducible minimum of povertys needs. Shaw builds our sympathy for Eliza in Act 1, as we admire her determination and the resilience that she uses to become the heroine of the play. The Eynsford Hills and Higgins treatment of Eliza show the prejudices that Shaw say towards the lower classes from the middle and upper classes. Clara Eynsford-Hill treats Eliza with contempt, make her give you the change. These things are only a penny a bunch. Higgins simply sees Eliza as a project. His desire to pass her off as a Duchess is not for her benefit, but to prove a point and to promote himself as a phonetics expert. Even Mrs Pearce (Higgins Housekeeper) looks down on Eliza, calling her a common girl, sir, very common indeed. This shows that Shaw was correct in his assumptions about the prejudices against the lower classes- even evident from the working class servants, who obviously believed themselves to be a cut above the street sellers. Shaw tries to show that everyone has aspirations. Eliza says she wants to be a lady in a flower shop, and with a bath and some clean clothes, she begins to be viewed in a different light. Shaw depicts Eliza as a poor girl but with morals, Im a good girl I am; and I wont pick up no free -and-easy ways. Elizas father , Mr Doolittle, shows the more traditional view of the lower classes with his slippery character, always on the lookout to make easy money- a cockney caricature. In these characterisations, Shaw is also showing us the sexual inequalities of Edwardian Britain, with the men being the leaders and masters and the women being mere chattels of their fathers and husbands. This was the case in all the classes. Doolittle says, Among the lower classes, children are assets because they can earn money for the family. The girl belongs to me. .udc717120e928ca53ca6074033da346d8 , .udc717120e928ca53ca6074033da346d8 .postImageUrl , .udc717120e928ca53ca6074033da346d8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udc717120e928ca53ca6074033da346d8 , .udc717120e928ca53ca6074033da346d8:hover , .udc717120e928ca53ca6074033da346d8:visited , .udc717120e928ca53ca6074033da346d8:active { border:0!important; } .udc717120e928ca53ca6074033da346d8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udc717120e928ca53ca6074033da346d8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udc717120e928ca53ca6074033da346d8:active , .udc717120e928ca53ca6074033da346d8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udc717120e928ca53ca6074033da346d8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udc717120e928ca53ca6074033da346d8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udc717120e928ca53ca6074033da346d8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udc717120e928ca53ca6074033da346d8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udc717120e928ca53ca6074033da346d8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udc717120e928ca53ca6074033da346d8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udc717120e928ca53ca6074033da346d8 .udc717120e928ca53ca6074033da346d8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udc717120e928ca53ca6074033da346d8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Prospero in the first act of the play EssayElizas transformation is tested at an open- house held by Mrs Higgins (the mother of Professor Higgins). Shaw uses Mrs Higgins to show us that not all Upper Class people are unkind and unfeeling. She shows sympathy to Eliza and chastises her son for playing with your live doll and berates him, Im sorry to say that my celebrated son has no manners. Mrs Higgins also sees the problems of trying to change a persons perceived class , as she asks whats going to happen to Eliza afterwards. She is the moral face of the upper class. Professor Higgins final triumph is his winning the bet of passing Eliza off as a duchess at an Embassy party in London. Eliza, however, is distraught, as she finally realises that she means nothing more than a challenge to Higgins. We see that merely changing someones outward appearance, or giving them money makes no difference to the actual person you are. This idea is reinforced when Mr Doolittle comes into money. He feels uncomfortable about having to conform to middle-class morality. The situations that Eliza and Mr Doolittle find themselves in reflect the amount of social climbing going on at the time. Can people change class? Elizas desire to become a flower-shop lady at the start of the experiment ends with her feeling exploited, Oh! If I could only go back to my flower basket! Why did you take my independence from me? Im a slave now, for all my fine clothes. This highlights the foolishness of snobbery and pretending to be someone you are not. The person inside is what is important, not fine clothes and clipped vowels. George Bernard Shaw uses Pygmalion to point fun at the British Class system. He does this in a light and entertaining way which means that the message of the play is very clear. Eliza learns that it is not class that matters, but a persons integrity. Equality is achieved at the end of the play when Eliza says she will marry Freddy. This shows that society would be a far better place if equality in life were possible.

Sample Common App Essay - Student Essay Preparation Tips

Sample Common App Essay - Student Essay Preparation TipsHaving a sample Common App essay that you can use for your education is a great way to ensure that you are taking the best possible approach to this method of learning. This Ohio State specific Common App essay will help you to understand more about the resources available to you as a student at Ohio State.The essay will examine the diverse nature of Ohio State, the student body and the educational opportunities that are available to you as a student there. By understanding the different areas of your experience at Ohio State, you will be able to determine what resources you can utilize to ensure that you get the most out of your experience.The essay will also examine your individual experiences with college life at Ohio State. You will find out more about the responsibilities of an Ohio State student, how and when to assert control and maintain academic control as well as what you should do if you feel the need to do so.The ess ay will also discuss your role in creating an environment in which an environment that is favorable to the learning of all Ohio State students is cultivated. It will discuss your personal beliefs about education and your personal relationships with your peers and professors.The sample Common App essay will also discuss your responsibility to those who share the campus and the importance of choosing an education that you will be able to enjoy. There will be a discussion of class time management as well as some tips for avoiding burnout.Finally, the sample Common App essay will discuss the need for continuous improvement as well as the benefits of attending Ohio State. The authors of the sample Common App essay will share their personal experiences with having made the decision to attend the University of Columbus and will give you tips for working towards an overall improvement in your academic and personal lives.The authors of the sample Common App essay will discuss the different c oursework available and the flexibility that are available to you as a student at Ohio State. They will also discuss the many support services and resources that are available for students and how they can be used.The sample Common App essay will help you become familiar with Ohio State's culture as well as prepare you for the challenges that Ohio State has to offer. By familiarizing yourself with the resources available to you as a student at Ohio State, you will be better equipped to understand how the process of admission works as well as how you can take advantage of the resources that are available to you as an Ohio State student.

Balanced Literacy Literature

Balanced Literacy Literature Pennypacker, S. (2006). Clementine. New York, NY: Hyperion Book CH. The book entitled Clementine is written by Sara Pennypacker. It dwells upon the life of the girl, Clementine, who is very active, resourceful, helpful, creative, responsive and kind. It is possible to state that Pennypacker (2006) depicts an average child who is trying to find her way in the world (performing at school, developing relationships with peers and adults). Adults try to make Clementine follow their rules.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Balanced Literacy: Literature specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, this girl has her own logic. Pennypacker (2006) uses first person singular which makes the book very intimate. The author tells the story in the way Clementine (a little girl) sees it. Admittedly, this book can be regarded as a great reading for 3-graders. Students will eagerly read the book to find out more about the girl who is just like them. Apart from being a good book for practicing reading and writing skills, the book is also didactic. Students can associate themselves with the cheerful girl and learn many important lessons. Thus, students will be able to develop their reading and writing skills and, at the same time, they will be able to develop appropriate behavioral patterns. Haddix, M.P. (2007). Dexter the Tough. New York, NY: Simon Schuster Children’s Publishing. The book written by Margaret Haddix (2007) and entitled Dexter the Tough is concerned with quite a difficult period in the life of Dexter, the protagonist of the book. Dexter has to handle many difficulties. Thus, his father is getting some cancer treatment and his mother has to spend a lot of time in the clinic. Dexter has to live with his grandmother and has to attend a new school. Of course, Dexter sees everything in the worst light as he is overwhelmed by quite serious problems. Even the cheerful teacher evokes ra ther negative feelings in him. Haddix (2007) tells a story of a child who faces certain problems. Thus, the book will be a good treat for children who find themselves in similar situations. The book provides certain answers which can help children find their own ways to overcome their difficulties. Thus, Dexter understands that his behavior is quite inappropriate. He also learns to develop proper relationships with his peers. He also finds a friend. This friendship helps Dexter to change his outlook. The book is a good source to use in the 5th grade. Students will be interested in the plot and at the same time they will develop their reading and writing skills. The two books mentioned above can be used in a balanced literacy classroom. As far as Clementine is concerned, this book can be used to practice all components of a balanced reading program. Thus, the teacher can read some passages aloud to make the students acquainted with a model of fluent reading. The book is suitable for developing vocabulary as well.Advertising Looking for annotated bibliography on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, such topics as home, classroom, school, etc. can be developed. It is also possible to develop silent reading. The teacher can ask the students to read some passages aloud for the class. It is also possible to act out some passages: a student reads Clementine’s words, a student reads Margaret’s words and so on. Furthermore, the students can practice retelling. Thus, the teacher can ask the students to read some parts of the book at home. The students will retell these parts during the next class. Finally, the teacher can ask the students to write short essays on the book. For instance, the students can write what it means to be attentive. They can also write about Clementine. They can try to reflect upon her behavior and her relationships with Margaret. They can also try to com pare Clementine with someone they know (or with themselves). As far as Dexter the Tough is concerned, the book can also be used to develop reading and writing skills. In the first place, the teacher can ask some students to read passages aloud for the rest of the student. Furthermore, the students can be asked to scan certain passages to retrieve the major idea of the passage. The book can also be used to work on vocabulary. Thus, while working on a particular part of the book, the students can be asked to write out all adjectives or verbs they can find in the passage. It is also possible to practice saying synonyms and opposites. Thus, the students can try to replace all adjectives with their opposites, or they can try to put as many adjectives to a particular word as they can. As for writing skills development, the book can be very helpful. For instance, the teacher can ask the students to evaluate Dexter’s actions at school or focus on his thoughts. The students can reflec t upon Dexter’s problems and the ways he chooses to cope with his problems. They can try to express their opinion and suggest the best solutions. The teacher can also ask the students to reflect upon their difficulties and the ways to overcome them.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Balanced Literacy: Literature specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Haddix, M.P. (2007). Dexter the Tough. New York, NY: Simon Schuster Children’s Publishing. Pennypacker, S. (2006). Clementine. New York, NY: Hyperion Book CH.

The Ins and Outs of a Necropsy

The Ins and Outs of a Necropsy Necropsy is a dissection of a dead animal to determine the cause of death. In essence, it is an autopsy performed on an animal, such as a whale or shark. Necropsies can help us learn more about the biology of an animal, how it is affected by disease or how human interactions may impact animals. Veterinarians regularly perform necropsies on livestock in order to determine whether the cause of death is due to sickness or other environmental factors that may affect the rest of the livestock. If caught early, we can use the information to prevent or contain outbreaks. Zoos  and other institutions that care for animals also perform necropsies on animals that have died in their care in order to ensure the safety of other animals who may be affected. Common Necropsy Procedures Some of the procedures for a necropsy include collecting samples from one or more of the internal organs, examining the stomach contents and looking for signs of trauma. The blood will also be examined in order to determine enzyme values and other factors.  From the necropsy, researchers and veterinarians are able to determine how old an animal is, whether or not a female had been pregnant and what the animal ate.   When it comes to whales, skeletons are kept after the necropsy and sent to universities, schools, and museums so that the specimen  can be studied well into the future.